I read a book in the late 70s that completely altered my experience of myself. It startled my sense of identity so dramatically that I have wondered since if such a thing as a self or a personhood exists in the realm of nature. I believe it does, or I probably wouldn't be writing this, but in a mode far more fictive and imaginary than I’d previously imagined.
The book is called The Lives of a Cell, Notes of a
Biology Watcher, by Lewis Thomas, and has has been in my possession for 50
years. Thomas was an American physician and poet who became Dean of Yale
Medical School and New York University School of Medicine and President of
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute. He writes in a style that is both eminently
accessible and highly engaging, scientific marvels seasoned with a gracious and
dulcet touch. There’s a gentleness to the words, and a quiet lyricism, which
makes them all the more an unlikely vehicle for mind-blowing epiphanies, but I
would put it in a class with hallucinogenic substances such as peyote and
psilocybin. It’s that transformative, that revelatory.
This is the paragraph that did it:
A good case can be made for our
nonexistence as entities. We are not made up, as we had always supposed, of
successively enriched packets of our own parts. We are shared, rented, occupied.
At the interior of our cells, driving them, providing the oxidative energy that
sends us out for the improvement of each shining day, are the mitochondria, and
in a strict sense they are not ours. They turn out to be little separate
creatures, the colonial posterity of migrant prokaryocytes, probably primitive
bacteria that swam into ancestral precursors of our eukaryotic cells and stayed
there. Ever since, they have maintained themselves and their ways, replicating
in their own fashion, privately, with their own DNA and RNA quite different
from ours. They are as much symbionts as the rhizobial bacteria in the roots of
beans. Without them, we would not move a muscle, drum a finger, think a
thought.
Who am I, then, the little homunculus in my brain
gazing out at the world like Captain Kirk gazing at the screen on the deck of
the Starship Enterprise, talking to a hostile alien emperor or Howard Stern or Buddha?
The void. The voiceless void, which is the birthplace of us all. We come from
nothingness and return to nothingness. Interesting thought. But is it me
thinking this thought or the collectivity of cells that comprise the body I’m
riding around in that is thinking this thought? In a word, yes. The human body
contains around 50 to 100 trillion cells, and they have a lot to say: right now
they’re busy writing these words, while simultaneously listening to “Where Is
My Mind” by the Pixies, and feeling the warmth of a cat on my lap. A symposium
of mitochondria, blood cells and osteocytes and myofibers and satellite cells
and neurons creating my self-image, my self- esteem, my curations for the
museum that is me, this carnival of neurochemicals, dopamine, GABA, histamine,
serotonin and so on.
Most of cognition goes on in the brain, which is steeped
in an electrical and chemical circus of neurons and glia. Neurons galore. Roughly
100 billion. These are the largest cells in the body and make up the nervous
system. They’re busy little buggers. My nervous system is always busy. It
always feels wonderful when it slows down and I can get a break from being
myself. From everything, but mostly from me. Yours truly. This congregation of
vapors and adipocytes and fibroblasts and fabrications and fingers and blisters
and bone.
It's weirdly reassuring to know I’m not a single
entity but a multitude of entities. I feel less lonely. But when I am lonely, who
is doing the loneliness? My cells are busy exchanging fluids between
compartments and from place-to-place within the body, doing everything they can
to keep me alive, keep me going, keep me erect, keep me vertical and dramaturgical.
I wonder if it’s possible, like some yoga master, to
feel the cells teeming and vibrating the body, tingling in the mind like chimes.
But when I say “in the mind,” what do I mean by mind? That energy in my head
that busies itself like a rat in a hamster wheel creating narratives and
fantasies and bouts with remorse? Remorse doesn’t sound like something that a cell
would bother with. So where does remorse come from? This is the trouble with
empiricism. Its factual actualities make it literal and leaden. People in white
lab coats peering into microscopes. Whose minds might be dancing crazily in
their heads, witnessing mitochondria on a glass slide. Are cells familiar with
inner and outer? They must be: they’re cells. What’s more inner and outer than
a cell? The walls of these cells, however, don’t imprison: they emit signals
into extracellular space.
Cell membranes are thin, flexible layers of lipids and
proteins, with the fundamental structure being a phospholipid bilayer,
amphipathic molecules made up of two fatty acid chains that are hydrophobic coupled
with a phosphate-containing hydrophilic head group. A head group is an atom or
group of atoms taking the place of another atom or group of atoms occupying a
specific position in a molecule. Sounds like a typical worksite, people working
together in a shared space, combining talents and skills to achieve a certain
goal. I think of ants. I think of bees. I think of chorus lines and infantries
and acting troupes. All this organizational effort to keep the cruise ship
afloat, the cruise ship being me, with me (ostensibly) at the wheel.
It all makes so much sense. When I’m hungry, it’s not
me creating the sensation of hunger. Nor is it me creating all the right
digestive juices to extract protein and vitamins from the food I’ve chosen to
eat. I didn’t invent my fingers. I didn’t invent my eyes. Or knees or mouth or
feet. When I first entered this world there were people to take care of me, and growth
hormones to help me evolve into a semi-autonomous being. Had the entire process
been up to me I wouldn’t have made it. Nobody would. Cells do it all. We’re
just along for the ride.
When I breathe, I’m not really doing the breathing;
something is breathing me. And when – some years ago in my carefree and
libidinous past – I’d be consumed with the urge to get intimate with another constellation
of cells, it wasn’t me – that phantasmal homunculus in my skull who thinks he’s
Leonard Bernstein conducting Mahler’s fifth - but a libidinal confluence of
hormones – testosterone in particular - that made me dance like a puppet whose
strings were manipulated by a propagative goddess named Aphrodite.
Or so I’d like to believe. It’s tempting and easy to blame
those crazy behaviors on instinct, as if I’d been some primordial swamp
creature like Shakespeare’s Caliban. But that would be a distortion. I did draw
on a store of cortical resources that took the form of foresight and planning,
scheming, plotting, coining witticisms and putting on a show. But a truck can’t
move without diesel, and I had plenty of diesel in the form of gonadocorticoids
and gonadal steroids to power my rig down the highway. Oftentimes, my
expeditions were buffoonish and mad, but sometimes Cupid’s arrow hit its mark,
and choruses of angels ascended to the heavens in song.
It's what cells do. They interrelate. They seek reciprocity.
Give and take. Networking. Bonding. Forming connections. For the last 30 years
I’ve been married to a woman of marvelous affinities, for which I give thanks;
thanks to the orchestra of cells that provided the juice, the oomph, the elan
vital, the instincts and intuitions necessary to commingle so wonderfully with
another constellation of cells. What a communion of cells doesn’t explain is
the uniqueness of such a rapport. At what point does the immaterial enter? The
sublime. The transcendent. Are there neurochemicals for romance? In her essay
“The Neuroendocrinology of Love,” Krishna G. Seshadri writes:
Love
may be defined as an emergent property of an ancient cocktail of neuropeptides
and neurotransmitters. It appears that lust, attachment and attraction appear
to be distinct but intertwined processes in the brain each mediated by its own
neurotransmitters and circuits. These circuits feed on and reinforce each
other. Sexual craving is mediated by testosterone and oestrogen and has the
amygdala as an important centre. Attraction is mediated by hormones of stress
and reward including dopamine, norepinephrine cortisol and the serotinergic
system and has the nucleus accumbens in the ventral tegmental area as key
mediators.
This description disappoints because it’s so reductive. Love is bigger
than hormones. This is where my epiphany bursts like a puffball mushroom, words
adrift like spores in a forest understory. Cellular biology is only a part of
the puzzle. There’s also a thing called hylozoism, the idea that all matter is
living. Or pantheism, the idea that everything is God. It’s a boundless space
where nothing is quantifiable or subject to systematic observation,
measurement, and experiment, or the formulation, testing, and modification of
hypotheses. In musical terms, it’s the intervals in a symphonic structure that give
it life, the silences between the notes that create the music. It’s a breeze
carrying and dispersing seeds. It’s a phenomenon of consciousness, where the
distinction between subjectivity and objectivity dissolves. As Leibnitz said,
evolution is involution. Sounds and silences. The neural interface between a cell
and a soul.